RESUMO
PurposeTo cater to the senior tourist market, it is essential to comprehend the factors motivating and deterring them from international travel post-COVID-19. This study aims to focus on senior citizens' destination choice intentions and aims to develop a model that prioritizes positive and negative factors leading to international travel destination choices. It uses push-pull factors, perceived travel risks (PTRs) and perceived travel constraints (PTCs). Design/methodology/approachDecision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) are two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques used to identify connections between variables and determine their relative importance in the decision-making model. FindingsDEMATEL found push and pull factors are "effects" while PTCs and PTRs are "causes" affecting senior citizens' destination choices. Push factors and PTCs have a greater impact than pull factors and PTRs. Fuzzy TOPSIS highlighted "improving health and wellness" and "self-fulfillment and spirituality" as key push factors, "health safety and security quotient" as the most important pull factor, and "interpersonal constraints" as the most critical PTC. Finally, "health risks" is the top PTR. Originality/valueThis paper adds to the tourism literature by looking at the relationship between senior tourists' motivation, PTRs and PTCs and showing how the subfactors affect their choice of destination rank. The data analysis techniques used in this study are also novel, having never been used before in senior tourism research. Finally, even though there is a lot of research on senior tourism, not much is known about how Indian senior tourists act. In light of this study's findings, practical recommendations were offered to tourism stakeholders worldwide, interested in tapping into the market of Indian outbound senior tourists or repositioning product or destination offerings to take this promising market or similar markets into account.
RESUMO
La declaración del estado de alarma derivada de la pandemia del covid-19 ha supuesto, en el ámbito del contrato de viaje combinado, una sustancial alteración de los elementos del contrato: el objeto del mismo ha devenido imposible y la voluntad de las partes contratantes ha sido revocada, pues un gran número de viajeros no desean proseguir con la ejecución del viaje. A través del presente trabajo reflejaré cuáles son las situaciones ante las que se encuentra el viajero que ha visto frustrada la ejecución de su viaje combinado, así como las herramientas jurídicas y los derechos que le asisten. En este sentido, se describirán las consecuencias jurídicas que derivan del ejercicio del desistimiento, de la declaración de fuerza mayor y la pérdida de interés en el cumplimiento del contrato, los efectos de la imposibilidad sobrevenida y, por último, las concretas medidas adoptadas en virtud de los reales decretos leyes por los que se adoptan medidas complementarias para hacer frente al covid-19.Alternate :The announcement of the state of alert resulted by the covid-19 pandemic implied, inside the scope of package travel agreements, a significant alteration to the contract elements: its object has become imposible to fulfil and the will of the parties has been revoked due to a massive number of travellers who are not interested on continuing with the travel execution. By means of the present essay I will reveal which are the situations the traveller, whose package travel agreement has been frustrated, must face;as well as the legal tools and the rights that belong to the traveller. In this respect, legal consequences derived from the exercise of the right of withdrawal, the declaration of force majeure and loss of interest and, finally, the concrete measures adopted under the royal decree-laws concerning complementary measures to address covid-19 pandemic.
RESUMO
O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores que afetam a intenção de viagem do consumidor de turismo durante a pandemia do Covid-19 para o ano de 2021 e 2022. A pesquisa é quantitativa, com escopo conceitual construído a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário, elaborado com base na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado. A coleta ocorreu por meio do Google Forms, durante o mês de janeiro de 2021. O tipo de amostragem foi não probabilística, com 174 questionários válidos. As técnicas de análise foram: Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE). O modelo estrutural resultante do cruzamento dos dados, apresentou-se adequado à explicação e ajuste da amostra, visto que foi obtido um R2 de 0,75. As hipóteses levantadas foram confirmadas, conferindo intenções positivas de viagem para o ano de 2021 e 2022, e sinalizando comportamentos resistentes dos consumidores de turismo.Alternate : The article aims to analyse the factors that affect the travel intention of the tourism consumer during the Covid-19 pandemic for the year 2021 and 2022. The research is quantitative, with a conceptual scope built from research of the literature. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The survey was organised using Google Forms in January 2021. The type of sampling was non-probabilistic, with 174 valid questionnaires. The analysis techniques were: Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The structural model resulting from the cross-referencing of the data was shown to be adequate for the explanation and adjustment of the sample, since an R2 of 0.75 was obtained. The hypotheses raised were confirmed, giving positive travel intentions for the year 2021 and 2022, and signalling resistant behavior in tourists.Alternate : El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que inciden en la intención de viaje del consumidor turístico durante la pandemia del Covid-19 para el año 2021 y 2022. La investigación es cuantitativa, con un alcance conceptual construido a partir de la investigación bibliográfica. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario, elaborado siguiendo la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado. La recolección se realizó a través de Google Forms, durante enero de 2021, con muestreo no probabilístico y 174 cuestionarios válidos. Las técnicas de análisis fueron: Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). El modelo estructural resultante del cruce de datos se mostró adecuado para la explicación y ajuste de la muestra, ya que se obtuvo un R2 de 0,75. Las hipótesis planteadas se confirmaron, dando intenciones de viaje positivas para el año 2021 y 2022, y señalando comportamientos resistentes de los consumidores de turismo.